Attachment: IT Governance – Figure 14: DIKW Pyramid according ot Russel Ackoff – Helmut Schindlwick

Originally, Russell Ackoff (1989) worked on the DIKW Pyramid (data, information, knowledge, wisdom) in his book From Data to Wisdom (Rowley 2006, 164), in which he modified and extended DIKW into a “wisdom hierarchy” used to explain the relationships between data, information, and knowledge.